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<title>Remote Differential Compression</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Remote Differential Compression</span></span>
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<p><b>Remote Differential Compression</b> (<b>RDC</b>) is a client–server synchronization algorithm that allows the contents of two files to be synchronized by communicating only the differences between them. It was introduced with Microsoft <a href="Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a> R2, is included with later Windows client and server operating systems, but by 2019 is not being developed and is not used by any Microsoft product.
</p><p>Unlike <a href="Binary_Delta_Compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary Delta Compression">Binary Delta Compression</a> (BDC), which is designed to operate only on known versions of a single file, RDC does not make assumptions about file similarity or versioning. The differences between files are computed on the fly, therefore RDC is suitable for efficient synchronization of files that have been updated independently, where network bandwidth is small, or where the files are large but the differences between them are small.
</p><p>The algorithm used is based on fingerprinting blocks on each file locally at both ends of the replication partners. Since many types of file changes can cause the file contents to move without other significant change (for example, a small insertion or deletion at the beginning of a file can cause the rest of the file to become misaligned to the original content) the blocks used for comparison are not based on static arbitrary cut points but on cut points defined by the contents of each file segment. This means that if a part of a file changes in length, or blocks of the contents get moved to other parts of the file, the block boundaries for the parts that have not changed remain fixed related to the contents, and thus the series of fingerprints for those blocks do not change, they just change position. By comparing all hashes in a file to the hashes for the same file at the other end of the replication pair, RDC is able to identify which blocks of the file have changed and which have not, even if the contents of the file have been significantly reshuffled.
Since comparing large files could imply making large numbers of signature comparisons, the algorithm is recursively applied to the hash sets to detect which blocks of hashes have changed or moved around, significantly reducing the amount of data that needs to be transmitted for comparing files.
</p><p>Later versions of Windows support cross-file RDC, which finds files similar to the one being replicated, and uses blocks of the similar files that are identical to the replicating file to minimize data transferred over the WAN. Cross-file RDC can use blocks of up to five similar files.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>RDC is similar in many ways to the older (1996) <a href="Rsync" title="Rsync">rsync</a> protocol, but with some useful innovations, in particular the recursive algorithm and cross-file RDC.<sup id="cite_ref-jade_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jade-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>RDC is implemented in Windows operating systems by a <a href="Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">DLL</a> file, MSRDC.DLL, which will be present in the %SYSTEMROOT%\System32 directory if and only if RDC is enabled. Very little software is available which makes use of it, particularly on non-server systems. According to Internet rumor, enabling RDC significantly slows local file transfers, and it should not be enabled; a <a href="Microsoft_TechNet" title="Microsoft TechNet">Microsoft TechNet</a> web page disputes this in great detail,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite frequent anecdotal posts of its removal having worked to restore transfer speeds.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discontinuation">Discontinuation</h2></div>
<p>With the release of Microsoft's <a href="Windows_Server_2019" title="Windows Server 2019">Windows Server 2019</a>, RDC support was included in the section <i>Features we’re no longer developing</i> (which may be removed from a future update), with the comment "This support isn’t currently used by any Microsoft product".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Distributed_File_System_(Microsoft)#DFS_replication" title="Distributed File System (Microsoft)">DFS replication</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc773238%28v=ws.10%29.aspx">Microsoft TechNet: DFS Replication: Frequently Asked Questions, section "What is cross-file RDC?", pub. 16 October 2006, updated 30 January 2013</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-jade-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jade_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.mutable.net/post/2013/02/15/Remote-Differential-Compression-%28aka-rsync-algorithm-for-Windows%29.aspx">Remote Differential Compression (aka rsync algorithm for Windows), David Jade, Programming, 15 February 2013</a></span>
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</style><cite id="CITEREFNed_Pyle2009" class="citation web cs1">Ned Pyle (26 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askds/2009/06/26/debunking-the-vista-remote-differential-compression-myth/">"Debunking the Vista Remote Differential Compression Myth"</a>. <i>Microsoft Technet blogs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/get-started-19/removed-features-19">"Features removed or planned for removal in Windows Server 2019"</a>. <i>Microsoft Windows IT Pro Center</i>. 21 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc753479(v=ws.10).aspx">Distributed File System</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa372948.aspx">About Remote Differential Compression</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=64692">Optimizing File Replication over Limited-Bandwidth Networks using Remote Differential Compression</a></li></ul>
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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Application_software" title="Application software">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_3D_Viewer" title="Microsoft 3D Viewer">3D Viewer</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Calculator" title="Windows Calculator">Calculator</a></li>
<li><a href="Calendar_(Windows)" title="Calendar (Windows)">Calendar</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Camera" title="Windows Camera">Camera</a></li>
<li><a href="Character_Map_(Windows)" title="Character Map (Windows)">Character Map</a></li>
<li><a href="City_Art_Search" title="City Art Search">City Art Search</a></li>
<li><a href="Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Clock" title="Windows Clock">Clock</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Intune" title="Microsoft Intune">Company Portal</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Copilot" title="Microsoft Copilot">Copilot</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Edge</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Fax_and_Scan" title="Windows Fax and Scan">Fax and Scan</a></li>
<li><a href="Feedback_Hub" title="Feedback Hub">Feedback Hub</a></li>
<li><a href="Get_Help" title="Get Help">Get Help</a></li>
<li><a href="Magnifier_(Windows)" title="Magnifier (Windows)">Magnifier</a></li>
<li><a href="Mail_(Windows)" title="Mail (Windows)">Mail</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Media Player</a>
<ul><li><a href="Windows_Media_Player_(2022)" title="Windows Media Player (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Mesh" title="Microsoft Mesh">Mesh</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Messaging" title="Microsoft Messaging">Messaging</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Mobility_Center" title="Windows Mobility Center">Mobility Center</a></li>
<li><a href="MSN#MSN_Money_app" title="MSN">Money</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV" title="Microsoft Movies & TV">Movies & TV</a></li>
<li><a href="Narrator_(Windows)" title="Narrator (Windows)">Narrator</a></li>
<li><a href="MSN#MSN_app" title="MSN">News</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Notepad" title="Windows Notepad">Notepad</a></li>
<li><a href="OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Paint" title="Microsoft Paint">Paint</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_PC_Manager" title="Microsoft PC Manager">PC Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="People_(Windows)" title="People (Windows)">People</a></li>
<li><a href="Phone_Link" title="Phone Link">Phone Link</a></li>
<li><a href="Photos_(Windows)" title="Photos (Windows)">Photos</a></li>
<li><a href="Quick_Assist" title="Quick Assist">Quick Assist</a></li>
<li><a href="Remote_Desktop_Connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Desktop Connection">Remote Desktop Connection</a></li>
<li><a href="Snipping_Tool" title="Snipping Tool">Snipping Tool</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Speech_Recognition" title="Windows Speech Recognition">Speech Recognition</a></li>
<li><a href="Sticky_Notes" title="Sticky Notes">Sticky Notes</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Store</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Terminal" title="Windows Terminal">Terminal</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Tips" title="Microsoft Tips">Tips</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_To_Do" title="Microsoft To Do">To Do</a></li>
<li><a href="Sound_Recorder_(Windows)" title="Sound Recorder (Windows)">Voice Recorder</a></li>
<li><a href="MSN#MSN_Weather_app" title="MSN">Weather</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Whiteboard" title="Microsoft Whiteboard">Whiteboard</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Remote_Desktop_Protocol_clients#Windows_App" title="List of Remote Desktop Protocol clients">Windows App</a></li>
<li><a href="Xbox_(app)" title="Xbox (app)">Xbox</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Windows_shell" title="Windows shell">Shell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Action_Center" title="Action Center">Action Center</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Aero" title="Windows Aero">Aero</a></li>
<li><a href="AutoPlay" title="AutoPlay">AutoPlay</a></li>
<li><a href="AutoRun" title="AutoRun">AutoRun</a></li>
<li><a href="ClearType" title="ClearType">ClearType</a></li>
<li><a href="File_Explorer" title="File Explorer">Explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Search" title="Windows Search">Search</a>
<ul><li><a href="IFilter" title="IFilter">IFilter</a></li>
<li><a href="Indexing_Service" title="Indexing Service">Indexing Service</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Shell_namespace" title="Windows Shell namespace">Namespace</a></li>
<li><a href="Virtual_folder#Windows" title="Virtual folder">Saved search</a></li>
<li><a href="Special_folder" title="Special folder">Special folder</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Start_menu" title="Start menu">Start menu</a></li>
<li><a href="Task_View" title="Task View">Task View</a></li>
<li><a href="Taskbar" title="Taskbar">Taskbar</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Spotlight" title="Windows Spotlight">Windows Spotlight</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_XP_visual_styles" title="Windows XP visual styles">Windows XP visual styles</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Windows_service" title="Windows service">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Background_Intelligent_Transfer_Service" title="Background Intelligent Transfer Service">BITS</a></li>
<li><a href="Common_Log_File_System" title="Common Log File System">CLFS</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Error Reporting</a></li>
<li><a href="Multimedia_Class_Scheduler_Service" title="Multimedia Class Scheduler Service">Multimedia Class Scheduler</a></li>
<li><a href="Service_Control_Manager" title="Service Control Manager">Service Control Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">Task Scheduler</a></li>
<li><a href="Wireless_Zero_Configuration" title="Wireless Zero Configuration">Wireless Zero Configuration</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="File_system" title="File system">File systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">CDFS</a></li>
<li><a href="Distributed_File_System_(Microsoft)" title="Distributed File System (Microsoft)">DFS</a></li>
<li><a href="ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li>
<li><a href="File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a></li>
<li><a href="Installable_File_System" title="Installable File System">IFS</a></li>
<li><a href="NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a>
<ul><li><a href="Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">EFS</a></li>
<li><a href="Hard_link" title="Hard link">Hard link</a></li>
<li><a href="NTFS_links" title="NTFS links">links</a></li>
<li><a href="NTFS_volume_mount_point" title="NTFS volume mount point">Mount Point</a></li>
<li><a href="NTFS_reparse_point" title="NTFS reparse point">Reparse point</a></li>
<li><a href="Transactional_NTFS" title="Transactional NTFS">TxF</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="ReFS" title="ReFS">ReFS</a></li>
<li><a href="Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Active_Directory" title="Active Directory">Active Directory</a></li>
<li><a href="Active_Directory_Rights_Management_Services" title="Active Directory Rights Management Services">Active DRM Services</a></li>
<li><a href="File_Replication_Service" title="File Replication Service">DFS Replication</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Distributed_Transaction_Coordinator" title="Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator">Distributed Transaction Coordinator</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_DNS" title="Microsoft DNS">DNS</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_domain" title="Windows domain">Domains</a></li>
<li><a href="Folder_redirection" title="Folder redirection">Folder redirection</a></li>
<li><a href="Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">Group Policy</a></li>
<li><a href="Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a></li>
<li><a href="Internet_Information_Services" title="Internet Information Services">IIS</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Message_Queuing" title="Microsoft Message Queuing">MSMQ</a></li>
<li><a href="Network_Access_Protection" title="Network Access Protection">Network Access Protection</a></li>
<li>Print Services for UNIX</li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Personal_Web_Server" title="Microsoft Personal Web Server">PWS</a></li>
<li><a href="Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li>
<li><a href="Remote_Installation_Services" title="Remote Installation Services">Remote Installation Services</a></li>
<li><a href="Roaming_user_profile" title="Roaming user profile">Roaming user profiles</a></li>
<li><a href="Server_Core" title="Server Core">Server Core</a></li>
<li><a href="SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_System_Resource_Manager" title="Windows System Resource Manager">System Resource Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Deployment_Services" title="Windows Deployment Services">Windows Deployment Services</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Media_Services" title="Windows Media Services">Windows Media Services</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Server_Update_Services" title="Windows Server Update Services">WSUS</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Windows_Boot_Manager" title="Windows Boot Manager">Boot Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Console</a></li>
<li><a href="Client/Server_Runtime_Subsystem" title="Client/Server Runtime Subsystem">CSRSS</a></li>
<li><a href="Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="Enhanced_Write_Filter" title="Enhanced Write Filter">Enhanced Write Filter</a></li>
<li><a href="Graphics_Device_Interface" title="Graphics Device Interface">Graphics Device Interface</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Windows_library_files#Hardware_Abstraction_Layer" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Hardware Abstraction Layer</a></li>
<li><a href="I/O_request_packet" title="I/O request packet">I/O request packet</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Imaging_Format" title="Windows Imaging Format">Imaging Format</a></li>
<li><a href="Kernel_Transaction_Manager" title="Kernel Transaction Manager">Kernel Transaction Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Windows_library_files" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Library files</a></li>
<li><a href="Logical_Disk_Manager" title="Logical Disk Manager">Logical Disk Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="Local_Security_Authority_Subsystem_Service" title="Local Security Authority Subsystem Service">LSASS</a></li>
<li><a href="MinWin" title="MinWin">MinWin</a></li>
<li><a href="NTLDR" title="NTLDR">NTLDR</a></li>
<li><a href="Ntoskrnl.exe" title="Ntoskrnl.exe">Ntoskrnl.exe</a></li>
<li><a href="Object_Manager" title="Object Manager">Object Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a></li>
<li><a href="Portable_Executable" title="Portable Executable">Portable Executable</a>
<ul><li><a href="Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">DLL</a></li>
<li><a href=".exe" title=".exe">EXE</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">Registry</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Resource_Protection" title="Windows Resource Protection">Resource Protection</a></li>
<li><a href="Security_Account_Manager" title="Security Account Manager">Security Account Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">Server Message Block</a></li>
<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li>
<li><a href="Session_Manager_Subsystem" title="Session Manager Subsystem">SMSS</a></li>
<li><a href="System_Idle_Process" title="System Idle Process">System Idle Process</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_USER" title="Windows USER">USER</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Hardware_Error_Architecture" title="Windows Hardware Error Architecture">WHEA</a></li>
<li><a href="Winlogon" title="Winlogon">Winlogon</a></li>
<li><a href="WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Security_and_Maintenance" title="Security and Maintenance">Security and Maintenance</a></li>
<li><a href="AppLocker" title="AppLocker">AppLocker</a></li>
<li><a href="BitLocker" title="BitLocker">BitLocker</a></li>
<li><a href="Credential_Guard" title="Credential Guard">Credential Guard</a></li>
<li><a href="Data_Execution_Prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Execution Prevention">Data Execution Prevention</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Defender_Antivirus" title="Microsoft Defender Antivirus">Defender</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_family_features" title="Microsoft family features">Family features</a></li>
<li><a href="Kernel_Patch_Protection" title="Kernel Patch Protection">Kernel Patch Protection</a></li>
<li><a href="Mandatory_Integrity_Control" title="Mandatory Integrity Control">Mandatory Integrity Control</a></li>
<li><a href="Protected_Media_Path" title="Protected Media Path">Protected Media Path</a></li>
<li><a href="User_Account_Control" title="User Account Control">User Account Control</a></li>
<li><a href="User_Interface_Privilege_Isolation" title="User Interface Privilege Isolation">User Interface Privilege Isolation</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Firewall" title="Windows Firewall">Windows Firewall</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compatibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="WoW64" title="WoW64">WoW64</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="API" title="API">API</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Active_Scripting" title="Active Scripting">Active Scripting</a>
<ul><li><a href="JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li>
<li><a href="VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">WSH</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a>
<ul><li><a href="ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li>
<li><a href="ActiveX_Document" title="ActiveX Document">ActiveX Document</a></li>
<li><a href="COM_Structured_Storage" title="COM Structured Storage">COM Structured storage</a></li>
<li><a href="Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">DCOM</a></li>
<li><a href="Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">OLE</a></li>
<li><a href="OLE_Automation" title="OLE Automation">OLE Automation</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Transaction_Server" title="Microsoft Transaction Server">Transaction Server</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Native_API" title="Windows Native API">Native</a></li>
<li><a href=".NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></li>
<li><a href="Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_API" title="Windows API">WinAPI</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Runtime" title="Windows Runtime">Windows Runtime</a></li>
<li><a href="WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Video_game" title="Video game">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Microsoft_Solitaire_Collection" title="Microsoft Solitaire Collection">Solitaire Collection</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Surf_(video_game)" title="Surf (video game)">Surf</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Full_Tilt!_Pinball#3D_Pinball_for_Windows_–_Space_Cadet" title="Full Tilt! Pinball">3D Pinball</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Chess_Titans" title="Chess Titans">Chess Titans</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Microsoft_FreeCell" title="Microsoft FreeCell">FreeCell</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Microsoft_Hearts" title="Microsoft Hearts">Hearts</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Windows_Ultimate_Extras" title="Windows Ultimate Extras">Hold 'Em</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="InkBall" title="InkBall">InkBall</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Purble_Place" title="Purble Place">Purble Place</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Microsoft_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Solitaire">Solitaire</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Microsoft_Spider_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Spider Solitaire">Spider Solitaire</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Microsoft_Tinker" title="Microsoft Tinker">Tinker</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="ActiveMovie" title="ActiveMovie">ActiveMovie</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Address_Book" title="Windows Address Book">Address Book</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Anytime_Upgrade" title="Windows Anytime Upgrade">Anytime Upgrade</a></li>
<li><a href="Backup_and_Restore" title="Backup and Restore">Backup and Restore</a></li>
<li><a href="Cardfile" title="Cardfile">Cardfile</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">CardSpace</a></li>
<li><a href="CD_Player_(Windows)" title="CD Player (Windows)">CD Player</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Chat" title="Windows Chat">Chat</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Contacts" title="Windows Contacts">Contacts</a></li>
<li><a href="Cortana_(virtual_assistant)" title="Cortana (virtual assistant)">Cortana</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Desktop_Gadgets" title="Windows Desktop Gadgets">Desktop Gadgets</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Diagnostics" title="Microsoft Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li>
<li><a href="DriveSpace" title="DriveSpace">DriveSpace</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_DVD_Maker" title="Windows DVD Maker">DVD Maker</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Easy_Transfer" title="Windows Easy Transfer">Easy Transfer</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Edge_Legacy" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Edge Legacy</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Fax" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Fax">Fax</a></li>
<li><a href="MSN_Food_%26_Drink" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Food & Drink">Food & Drink</a></li>
<li><a href="Groove_Music" title="Groove Music">Groove Music</a></li>
<li><a href="MSN_Health_%26_Fitness" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Health & Fitness">Health & Fitness</a></li>
<li><a href="Help_and_Support_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Help and Support Center">Help and Support Center</a></li>
<li><a href="HyperACCESS" title="HyperACCESS">HyperTerminal</a></li>
<li><a href="Imaging_for_Windows" title="Imaging for Windows">Imaging</a></li>
<li><a href="Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Journal" title="Windows Journal">Journal</a></li>
<li><a href="Make_Compatible" title="Make Compatible">Make Compatible</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Maps" title="Windows Maps">Maps</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Media_Center" title="Windows Media Center">Media Center</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Meeting_Space" title="Windows Meeting Space">Meeting Space</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Messaging" title="Windows Messaging">Messaging</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Messenger" title="Windows Messenger">Messenger</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Mobile_Device_Center" title="Windows Mobile Device Center">Mobile Device Center</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Movie_Maker" title="Windows Movie Maker">Movie Maker</a></li>
<li><a href="MSN_Dial-Up_Internet_Access" title="MSN Dial-Up Internet Access">MSN Dial-Up</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_NetMeeting" title="Microsoft NetMeeting">NetMeeting</a></li>
<li><a href="NTBackup" title="NTBackup">NTBackup</a></li>
<li><a href="Outlook_Express" title="Outlook Express">Outlook Express</a></li>
<li><a href="Paint_3D" title="Paint 3D">Paint 3D</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Pay" title="Microsoft Pay">Pay</a></li>
<li><a href="Phone_Companion" title="Phone Companion">Phone Companion</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Photo_Gallery" title="Windows Photo Gallery">Photo Gallery</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Photo_Viewer" title="Windows Photo Viewer">Photo Viewer</a></li>
<li><a href="Program_Manager" title="Program Manager">Program Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a></li>
<li><a href="MSN#Discontinued_apps" title="MSN">Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Start" title="Microsoft Start">Start</a></li>
<li><a href="Problem_Steps_Recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Problem Steps Recorder">Steps Recorder</a></li>
<li><a href="Syskey" title="Syskey">Syskey</a></li>
<li><a href="Travel_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel (Windows)">Travel</a></li>
<li><a href="WinHelp" title="WinHelp">WinHelp</a></li>
<li><a href="WordPad" title="WordPad">WordPad</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Write" title="Microsoft Write">Write</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Desktop_Cleanup_Wizard" title="Desktop Cleanup Wizard">Desktop Cleanup Wizard</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_File_Protection" title="Windows File Protection">File Protection</a></li>
<li><a href="Games_for_Windows" title="Games for Windows">Games for Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="High_Performance_File_System" title="High Performance File System">HPFS</a></li>
<li><a href="Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a></li>
<li><a href="Media_Control_Interface" title="Media Control Interface">Media Control Interface</a></li>
<li><a href="MS-DOS_7" title="MS-DOS 7">MS-DOS 7</a></li>
<li><a href="Next-Generation_Secure_Computing_Base" title="Next-Generation Secure Computing Base">Next-Generation Secure Computing Base</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem" title="Microsoft POSIX subsystem">POSIX subsystem</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_ScanDisk" title="Microsoft ScanDisk">ScanDisk</a></li>
<li><a href="Video_for_Windows" title="Video for Windows">Video for Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">Virtual DOS machine</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_on_Windows" title="Windows on Windows">Windows on Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Services_for_UNIX" title="Windows Services for UNIX">Windows Services for UNIX</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_SideShow" title="Windows SideShow">Windows SideShow</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_System_Assessment_Tool" title="Windows System Assessment Tool">Windows System Assessment Tool</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_To_Go" title="Windows To Go">Windows To Go</a></li>
<li><a href="WinFS" title="WinFS">WinFS</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spun off to<br><a href="Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Microsoft Store</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="DVD_Player_(Windows)" title="DVD Player (Windows)">DVD Player</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_File_Manager" title="Windows File Manager">File Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="Hover!" title="Hover!">Hover!</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Mahjong" title="Microsoft Mahjong">Mahjong</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Minesweeper" title="Microsoft Minesweeper">Minesweeper</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <a href="List_of_Microsoft_Windows_components" title="List of Microsoft Windows components">List</a></li></ul>
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